三种脚踝扭伤，Twisted Ankle、Rolled Ankle和Sprained Ankle有什么区别？该如何治疗？

A Sprained Ankle, a Twisted Ankle, and a Rolled Ankle:What is the Difference? How do I treat it?

什么是脚踝扭伤？

What is a Sprained Ankle?

今年夏初，我和我的妈妈穿过我们家的院子去给花浇水。这是一个美丽的阳光明媚的清晨，带有些许凉意。当我在看我们其中一株灌木时，我正在与站在我身后的妈妈聊天。接下来，等我转过身时，我妈妈已经四肢摊开地坐在地面上了。原来刚才她的脚陷进了院子中的一个窟窿里，导致脚踝扭伤。她的脚踝迅速肿大，并且在行走时十分疼痛。我帮助她回到屋内，并对脚踝进行了冰敷。

Early this summer my mom and I were walking through our yard to water the flowers. It was a beautiful, sunny morning with a cool breeze. I was having a conversation with my mom with my back to her while I was looking at one of our bushes. The next thing I know, I turn around and my mom is sprawled out on the ground. She had stepped into a hole in the yard and twisted her ankle. It immediately swelled and was painful when she walked. I helped her get inside where we applied an ice pack.

我确信几乎每一个人都有与此类似的经历。脚踝扭伤是最容易发生的损伤之一。脚踝损伤即脚踝部相应组织的损伤；可以为骨组织、韧带或肌腱。当脚踝扭伤时，由于韧带过度拉伸超过正常限度而造成了损伤。劳损是指过度拉伸肌肉肌腱而造成的损伤。骨折为骨连续性中断。

I’m sure that almost everyone has a story at least somewhat similar to this. A sprained ankle is one of the easiest and most commonly occurring injuries to get. An ankle injury is defined by the kind of tissue that is damaged; this could be your bone, ligament, or tendon. When you sprain your ankle, damage to your ligaments occurs due to being stretched beyond their normal capacity. A strain refers to damage to muscles and tendons as a result of being pulled or stretched too far. A fracture describes a break in one or more on the bones.

Twisted Ankle, Rolled Ankle和Sprained Ankle这三个名词表示脚踝扭伤时有什么区别呢？

What is the Difference Between a Twisted Ankle, a Rolled Ankle, and a Sprained Ankle?

Twisted Ankle, Rolled Ankle和Sprained Ankle这三个词都能用来描述相同的事。虽然结果都一样，但是损伤的方式不同。Rolled Ankle更侧重于脚踝外侧的损伤。如果使用twist表示扭伤，脚踝损伤的部位可能不同，但通常表达的部位仍然是外侧。

The terms ‘twisted ankle’, ‘rolled ankle’, and ‘sprained ankle’ can all basically be used to describe the same thing. The outcome is the same, but the way you got the injury may differ. With a 'rolled' ankle, it is more likely that you will injure the lateral side of your ankle. If you 'twist' your ankle, the side of the ankle injured may differ, but it is still most common to injure the lateral side.

谁更容易脚踝扭伤？

Who is Most Likely to get a Sprained Ankle?

半数脚踝扭伤发生在体育活动中。如果你或你的孩子参加运动或高强度的锻炼，你可能更容易脚踝扭伤。在15岁至24岁年龄的群体中，男性相较于女性有更高的概率发生脚踝扭伤。尽管，对于30岁以上的群体来说，女性更易发生脚踝扭伤。在美国，每天都有25000人脚踝扭伤，所以你永远都不能掉以轻心。

Half of all ankle sprains occur during athletic activity. If you or your child participate in sports or high levels of exercise, it’s much more likely that you’ll get a sprained ankle. Men between 15 years old and 24 years old have higher rates of ankle sprains compared to women in that age group. Although, women older than the age of 30 have higher rates than men of spraining their ankle. Every day in the United States, 25,000 people sprain their ankle so you’re never quite out of the woods.

脚踝扭伤主要原因：

The Most Common Causes of a Sprained Ankle:

1. 跌落可导致脚踝扭伤

A fall that causes you to twist your ankle

2. 在不平整的地面上行走或锻炼

Walking or exercising on an uneven surface

3. 在体育活动中，其他人踩在你的脚上

Another person stepping or landing on your foot during a sports activity

4. 在跳跃或旋转后笨拙地用脚着地

Landing awkwardly on your foot after jumping or pivoting

脚踝扭伤的风险因素：

Risk Factors of a Twisted Ankle:

不平整的路面：在不平坦的表面或恶劣的野外条件下行走或跑步可能会增加脚踝扭伤的风险

Uneven Surfaces: Walking or running on uneven surfaces or poor field conditions may increase the risk of an ankle sprain.

运动参与程度: 脚踝扭伤是常见的运动损伤，特别是那些需要跳跃、切削动作和脚的滚动和扭动的运动，例如篮球，网球，橄榄球，足球和越野跑。

Sports Participation: Ankle sprains are a common sports injury, particularly in sports that require jumping, cutting action, or rolling or twisting of the foot such as basketball, tennis, football, soccer, and trail running.

既往脚踝损伤: 一旦你之前有过脚踝扭伤或其他类型脚踝损伤，你的脚踝就更容易再次扭伤。

A Previous Ankle Injury: Once you've sprained your ankle or had another type of ankle injury, you're more likely to sprain it again.

鞋子不合适: 鞋子不合脚或不适合运动，例如高跟鞋，会使你的脚踝更易损伤。务必挑选一双合适的鞋子！

Improper Shoes: Shoes that don't fit properly or aren't appropriate for an activity, as well as high-heeled shoes in general, make ankles more vulnerable to injury. Make sure you have a good pair of shoes!

简陋的运动条件: 参加运动时，脚踝力量或柔韧性差可能会增加扭伤的风险

Poor Physical Condition: Poor strength or flexibility in the ankles may increase the risk of a sprain when participating in sports.

脚踝扭伤的症状：

Symptoms of a Sprained Ankle:

肿胀

Swelling

瘀伤

Bruising

运动范围受限制

Restricted range of motion

承重时疼痛

Pain when bearing weight

受伤时有爆裂感

Popping sensation at the time of injury

触摸脚踝时有压痛

Tenderness when touching the ankle

脚踝不稳定

Instability in the ankle

如何预防脚踝扭伤:

How to Prevent a Rolled Ankle:

适当的热身活动

Proper warm-up techniques

在不平坦的表面上进行体育锻炼时要小心

Be careful when doing physical activity on uneven surfaces

穿合脚的鞋子

Wear shoes that fit well

避免那些自身条件不适合的运动

Avoid sports that you are not well conditioned for

增加平衡训练

Practice balance exercises

在脆弱或先前受伤的脚踝上使用脚踝支持装备

Use an ankle support on a weak or previously injured ankle

如何护理脚踝扭伤：

How to Care for a Sprained Ankle:

休息，冰敷，按压，抬高患肢

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate

物理理疗

Physical Therapy

踝关节扭伤分级：我的扭伤有多严重？

Sprained Ankle Grading: How bad is my sprain?

就像受伤一样，脚踝扭伤的严重程度也可能不同，但实际上有一个方法可以确定脚踝扭伤的严重程度！扭伤分为三种不同的等级或程度。

Just like an injury,the severity of a sprained ankle can differ. Lucky for you, there’s actually ascale to determine how badly you sprained your ankle! There are three differentgrades, or degrees, of sprains.

踝关节扭伤1级

Grade 1 of a Sprained Ankle

脚踝略有肿胀，并可能伴有酸痛，还会出现瘀伤青肿。这意味着韧带有拉伸性损伤但没有撕裂。最好的治疗选择是RICE方法(Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate, 休息，冰敷，按压，抬高患肢), 直到症状改善。该等级的恢复时间最短-大约2-4周。

Your ankle is slightly swollen and is probably sore. You may notice a bruise as well. This means your ligament has been stretched but not torn. The best treatment option for this is the RICE approach for several days until the symptoms improve. This grade will have the shortest amount of recovery time - about 2-4 weeks.

踝关节扭伤2级

Grade 2 of a Sprained Ankle

这意味着韧带部分撕裂。这会导致长时间的疼痛和肿胀。使用脚踝承重会感到很痛苦。瘀伤显示已出现皮下出血，因此可能还会出现青紫。二级踝关节扭伤的治疗包括RICE方法(Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate, 休息，冰敷，按压，抬高患肢),以及支具、或支具行走靴或者石膏对受伤脚踝部位进行固定。医生可能还会建议做适当居家运动以改善运动范围。二级损伤的恢复时间约为6-8周。

This means you have a partial tear in your ligament. This causes prolonged pain and swelling. It will be painful to bear weight on your ankle. The tear has caused bleeding under your skin, so you will probably notice bruising as well. Treatment for a grade two ankle sprain includes the RICE approach as well as a device such as aboot or a splint to immobilize the ankle. You may also be given exercises to improve range of motion by your doctor that you can do at home. The recovery time for grade two is about 6-8 weeks.

踝关节扭伤3级

Grade 3 of aSprained Ankle

3级扭伤意味着韧带的全部撕裂。这种扭伤包括严重的疼痛，肿胀和淤青。韧带功能丧失，因此您的脚踝会感到不稳定，无法支撑您的体重。治疗几乎与2级相同，但如果扭伤未能在合理的时间内治愈，则应进行手术治疗。3级扭伤恢复时间取决于许多因素。

Grade three is a full tear of your ligament. This level of sprain includes severe pain, swelling and bruising. Your ligament is no longer able to do its job so your ankle will feel unstable and be unable to support your weight. Treatment is almost the same as the treatment for grade 2, which the exception of surgery if the sprain does not heal in a reasonable amount of time. Grade three recovery time depends on several factors.

原文链接：

https://www.braceability.com/blogs/articles/sprained-rolled-twisted-ankle

翻译：2017级临床医学专业杨昊南

审校: 马真胜